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Uncovering the Role of Genetics in ADHD
By Neil Peterson | June 30, 2009
We inhabit complicated bodies. Advancements in medical research have unraveled many of the mysteries of how and why our bodies and brains work the way they do, but for every enigma solved, there are a thousand more to discover. For the majority of the population, this is an accepted fact that deserves no more scrutiny, but for those coping with physical and/or mental disorders this mystery takes on a new, more urgent tone – the need to understand and ultimately, to successfully treat, whatever it is that they are facing.
Much has been made of the sharp increase in ADHD diagnoses in the U.S. during the past ten years (see map above). But the controversy surrounding ADHD and related disorders, while making for intriguing sound bites, has done little to provide real answers for recently diagnosed adults, children and their families. Fortunately, recent decades have also seen a significant rise in medical research relating to ADHD, in the hopes of not only improving treatment methods, but also to remove the stigmas and social misconceptions regarding those afflicted. Understanding the underlying factors of ADHD isn’t just important for those diagnosed, but for family, friends and the larger community as well.
Causes of ADHD
One of the most intriguing fields of ADHD research is the relationship that genetics plays in the disorder’s development. While no single gene has been found responsible for ADHD, several genes have been shown to be susceptible to ADHD – most specifically involving a reduced level of dopamine in the brain. Research has also discovered that many of the genes implicated in ADHD have already been linked with the medications that ease the symptoms associated with the disorder, prompting further study into the relationship of how genes work together and how they interact with treatment.
By studying the correlations involving heredity and ADHD, which some doctors believe can account for up to 80% of cases, the possible role of environmental factors – such as prenatal health, diet and the presence of toxins – can be decreased. This is a significant breakthrough for patients and parents who are struggling with feelings of responsibility or guilt. While there is evidence that alcohol, nicotine, and lead exposure can contribute to the development of ADHD, this research shows there is more often a genetic anomaly that acts as a trigger.
There is still a great deal to be learned regarding the role of genetics in ADHD, but the recent development of several global collaborative research networks will help to shed light on this compelling connection. Larger patient populations and the resulting data offer an as yet unseen ability to study the underlying causes – across sociological and biological boundaries. While a greater understanding of ADHD has not lead to its cure – at least, not yet – it will go a long way in providing answers for families, and reducing the erroneous and harmful social theories that those with the disorder have had to contend with for decades.
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Topics: ADD & ADHD, General, Overcoming disabilities | No Comments »